Section 06 Method for Bibliography Entries

  • After you have answered your last IAC for your assignment and cited alternative sources, you will need to have a separate last page with the heading “Bibliography”.
    • Every in-text citation must be fully referenced on the Bibliography entries page.
  • Below are the methods and examples of how your Bibliographies should look for the different sources.

Entries for Books:

Here follows the standard bibliography entry for books:

Benson, J.B., 2020. Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development. New York: Elsevier.

  • Note that the author’s surname comes first, followed by the author’s initials.
  • A full stop comes next, followed by the full title of the book in italics, ended by a full stop. Please note that after the main title, a colon should be entered followed by the subtitle.
  • Next comes the place of publication, the city, and then the state, or in some instances if only the country and city are named, put the city name first followed by the name of the country. A comma comes between the city name and state/province/country.
  • Next comes a colon followed by the name of the company that printed the book, ending with a full stop.
  • Indent the second line with one centimeter, (see example above).

More than one author:

Below is an example of a bibliography entry for a book with more than one author.

Essa, E.L. and Burnham, M.M., 2019. Introduction to early childhood education. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Edited book with volume:

McCartney, K. and Phillips, D. (eds) 2011. The Blackwell handbook of early childhood development. Malden, Massachusetts: John Wiley & Sons.

Different revised editions of a book:

Bruce, T., 2015. Early Childhood Education (5th rev. ed.). London: Hachette.

Standard entries for e-books/electronic books:

Brinkman, S. and Vu, B.T. 2017. Early childhood development in Tonga: Baseline results from the Tongan Early Human Capability Index. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Available at: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&

=nlabk&AN=1435442 (Accessed: August 15, 2025).

  • In place of the publication details, one puts the website address, as illustrated above.

Reference: (Smith 2008:60).

Entries for Journal articles:

Atmore, E., van Niekerk, L.J. and Ashley-Cooper, M., 2012. Challenges facing the early childhood development sector in South Africa. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2(1), pp.120-139.

  • The elements for a journal article also start with the author’s surname and initials and the year of publication, full stop.
  • Next is the title of the article found in the journal (not in italics)-full-stop. What follows is the title of the journal in italics-fullstop.
  • Next comes the volume number, followed by, in brackets, the issue number.
  • Finally, a colon followed by the page numbers-full-stop.

Reference (Atmore, van Niekerk and Ashley-Cooper 2012:34).

Entries for Internet sources:

Ranson, A. 2025. Salt Dough Easter Egg Decorations – The Imagination Tree. [online] The Imagination  Tree.  Available  at:  https://theimaginationtree.com/make-these-easy-3-

ingredient-salt-dough-easter-egg-decorations-with-the-kids-this-easter/(Accessed:

August 15, 2025).

Or

Department of Basic Education. 2022. Early Childhood Development: Laying the foundation of our Children’s future. Education.gov.za. Available at: https://www.education.gov.za/Programmes/ECD.aspx. (Accessed: August 15, 2025).

  • It is important to note that the author of the article should still be mentioned in your entry. If there is no indication of the author of the internet article, apply the principle of putting the article’s title in place of the author.
  • If there is no date for when the article was published on the website, put the year you accessed the article on the website in square brackets as in the example above.
  • Note that the title of the article is not italicised.
  • You need to indicate what type of internet source it is that you are referencing, like in the example above, it is an online article; alternatively, it will be an online source.
  • Lastly, you need to write “Accessed from” and give the website address, followed by a comma, of the full date that you accessed the website.

Reference: (Smith 2008:62-63).

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